Title | Phosphite utilization by the marine picocyanobacterium Prochlorococcus MIT9301. |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2012 |
Authors | MartÃnez, A, Osburne, MS, Sharma, AK, Delong, EF, Chisholm, SW |
Journal | Environ Microbiol |
Volume | 14 |
Issue | 6 |
Pagination | 1363-77 |
Date Published | 2012 Jun |
ISSN | 1462-2920 |
Keywords | Bacteria, Micronutrients, NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases, Oceans and Seas, Phosphites, Phosphorus, Prochlorococcus, Trace Elements |
Abstract | Primary productivity in the ocean's oligotrophic regions is often limited by phosphorus (P) availability. In low phosphate environments, the prevalence of many genes involved in P acquisition is elevated, suggesting that the ability to effectively access diverse P sources is advantageous for organisms inhabiting these regions. Prochlorococcus, the numerically dominant primary producer in the oligotrophic ocean, encodes high-affinity P transporters, P regulatory proteins and enzymes for organic phosphate utilization, but its ability to use reduced P compounds has not been previously demonstrated. Because Prochlorococcus strain MIT9301 encodes genes similar to phnY and phnZ, which constitute a novel marine bacterial 2-aminoethylphosphonate (2-AEPn) utilization pathway, it has been suggested that this organism might use 2-AEPn as an alternative P source. We show here that although MIT9301 was unable to use 2-AEPn as a sole P source under standard culture conditions, it was able to use phosphite. Phosphite utilization by MIT9301 appears to be mediated by an NAD-dependent phosphite dehydrogenase encoded by ptxD. We show that phosphite utilization genes are present in diverse marine microbes and that their abundance is higher in low-P waters. These results strongly suggest that phosphite represents a previously unrecognized component of the marine P cycle. |
DOI | 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2011.02612.x |
Alternate Journal | Environ. Microbiol. |
PubMed ID | 22004069 |